Operation Management - 629 Words

Q1: A manufacturer’s average work-in-process inventory for a certain part is 1,000 units. The workstation produces this part at the rate of 200 units per day. What is the average time a unit spends at this workstation? Inventory, , Throughput, . Thus, Flow time, . A unit spends an average time of 5 days at this workstation. Q2: The Wilcox Student Health Center has just implemented a new computer system and service process to â€Å"improve efficiency.† As pharmacy manager, you are concerned about waiting time and its potential impact on college students who â€Å"get no respect.† All prescriptions (Rxs) go through the following process: Drop-off ! Fill Rx ! Pick-up ! Cashier Assume that students arrive to drop-off Rxs at a steady rate of 2 Rxs per†¦show more content†¦At his or her turn, each patient is seen by a doctor and then exits the process, either with a prescription or with admission to the hospital. Currently, 50 people per hour arrive at the ER, 10% of whom are admitted to the hospital. On average, 30 people are waiting to be registered and 40 are registered and waiting to see a doctor. The registration process takes, on average, 2 minutes per patient. Among patients who receive prescriptions, average time spent with a doctor is 5 minutes. Among those admitted to the hospital, average time is 30 minutes. On average, how long does a patient stay in the ER? On average, how many patients are being examined by doctors? On average, how many patients are in the ER? Waiting Waiting Doctor check-in to be Registration to see a Hospital Prescription registered doctor 30 p 1.67 p 40 p 2.5 p 3.75 p 50 p/h 50 p/h 50 p/h 5 p/h 45 p/h 36 min 2 min 48 min 30 min 5 min Table 2: Find Missing Data Using Little Law. Average time that a patient stays in the ER (see Table 2) ( ) ( ) Average number of patients examined by doctors (see Table 2) Average number of patients in the ER (see TableShow MoreRelatedOperations Management : Operation Management1355 Words   |  6 PagesOperations Management Introduction Operations management is the activity of managing the resources that create and deliver services and products. The operations function is the part of the organization that is responsible for this activity. Every organization has an operations function because every organization creates some type of services and/or products. However, not all types of organization will necessarily call the operations function by this name. Operations managers are the people who haveRead MoreOperation Management - Cadburyworld2493 Words   |  10 Pagestechnology to streamline the operation process) and facility costs (old and outdated facilities) at lowest possible. In return, they have to compromise low costs with their other objectives. The unskilled staffs and outdated facilities are compromised with the quality in the core process. For example, the brief video (facility) in the packaging plant is outdated and requires commentary notes from some guides. However, the unskilled guides are not familiar with the operations so they need to read fromRead MoreOperation Management And Operations Management2148 Words   |  9 PagesOperation management Introduction Being an operations manager is not an easy task, it involves good control and responsibilities for the major activities within the organisations in order to achieve goals that might be in form of services or in form of goods. The operation management roles may be different from business to business depending on the size and resources available, each organisation has its own operations functions, and in order to produces goods or services they have to convert theRead MoreImportance Of Production And Operations Management2317 Words   |  10 Pagesthe production and operation of enterprises. In order to remain competitive, companies in different countries have different factors of competitive advantage. A clear competitive advantage is the key to gain success in production and operation management. An effective operations management is the foundation of enterprise competitive advantage and the fundamental guarantee to realize corporate strategy. This essay deals with the importance of production and operations management in the enterprise,Read MoreOperations Management : Operation Management Essay2171 Words   |  9 PagesOperation Management Operations administration concentrates on precisely dealing with the procedures to create and circulate items and administrations. Operations administration is the procedure, which joins and changes different assets utilized as a part of the creation/operations subsystem of the association into quality included item/benefits in a controlled way according to the arrangements of the association. In this way, it is that part of an association, which is worried with the changeRead MoreOperation Management2751 Words   |  12 PagesTABLE OF CONTENTS 1. OPERATION MANAGEMENT 3 1.1. DEFINITION OF OPERATION MANAGEMENT 3 1.2. THE ROLE OF OPERATION MANAGER 3 1.3. RELATIONSHIP OF OPERATION MANAGEMENT WITH OTHER CORE FUNCTIONS 3 2. CASE STUDIES 3 2.1. HEATHROW INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 3 2.2. NESTLÉ UK CHOCOLATE FACTORY 3 3. MAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS OF THE STUDY 3 4. CONCLUSIONS 3 REFERENCES 3 1. Operation Management For the success of an organization, the management crew plays a major role. An organizational structure is based on differentRead MoreOperations Management986 Words   |  4 PagesOPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Select two organisations that you are familiar with – one with a service output and one with a product output, and compare and contrast these organisations with respect to the following aspects: 1.1 The process of transformation of inputs to outputs 1.2 Process and Capacity design 1.3 Supply Chain management 1.4 Scheduling Operations Management refers to the management of the production system that transforms inputs into finished goods and services, (http://csuponomaRead MoreOperation Management2436 Words   |  10 PagesOPERATION MANAGEMENT IS IMPORTANT TO ALL BUSINESS To be able produce specialized managers capable of fulfilling strategic tasks within business and government enterprises the need for the practice of operations management cannot be forgone. Operations management is very significant in business operations since it forms the heart of the organisation by controlling the system of operation. Operations management deals with the design, operation, and enhancement of the systems that generate and deliverRead MoreOperations Management Chapter 18 Manual1950 Words   |  8 PagesChApter 18 Management of Waiting Lines Teaching Notes Some of the math and calculations can be left out in order to focus more clearly on the concepts of waiting lines. For example, all infinite source problems, including single channel (except constant service time) can be handled using the infinite source queuing table. In the past, queuing presented students with a good bit of computational requirements, and because of that, students frequently lost sight of the underlying concepts. WithRead MoreOperations Management1791 Words   |  8 PagesQUESTION 1 Operations management must be managed properly in order to improve an organization’s productivity and profitability. In the Cadbury World case, several micro and macro processes are involved and those processes bring some impacts to Cadbury World. Thus, Cadbury World must possess a sustainable micro and macro processes to achieve the best outcome and performance. Micro processes that involved are easily to manage compared to macro processes because macro processes are hard to manage

Prisons A Dangerous Place - 944 Words

Prisons originated in the 16th and 17th centuries. They were first designed to punish people for doing criminal activities. Prisons were strict then than they are now most people were sentenced to death, regardless of what the crime was. During that time the inmates did not have as much freedom in prison that they have now. It was very tough being in prison during this time. In the United States today almost two million people are in prison, the expansion of the prison system began in the early 1980’s (Rhodes, 2001). Over the years prisons have become better because of having gone through some bad situations and inmates escaping prison is a very dangerous place and there has be a safe, organized structure to keep everybody in order. One of the biggest prison riots in history was the Attica riots in 1971. According to Christianson, (2002) prison inmates started rioting because of racism and they felt they were being mistreated. They took over half of the prison and held 42 sta ff members hostage, it was about 1000 inmates participating in this riot. At the end of the riots 10 hostages and 29 inmates were killed and the families were awarded $12 million. This is an example of a poorly handled situation that caused people their lives. Corrections Corrections are facilities that are used to rehabilitate people and to house people that commit crimes. The term correction is also known as jail or prison. These correctional facilities are important because when the prisonersShow MoreRelatedPrisons Are A Violent Dangerous And Hospitable Place For Any Person1666 Words   |  7 Pages Prisons are a violent, dangerous and hospitable place for any person. A significant amount of academic research and literature exists on the underlying causes of prison tension, violence and misbehaviour within the prison system. Pre 1950 violent outbreaks in the where a largely rare occurrence. Post 1950 violence and riots become a more common occurrence within the prison system. Literature around this issue suggests three main theories of approach when examining the fundamental causes of prisonRead MoreA Brief Comparison of Jails and Prisons785 Words   |  3 PagesComparison of Jails Prisons A Brief Comparison of Jails Prisons It is common knowledge that one of the primary penalties of violating the law is incarceration. Civilians, those who are not in the business of law enforcement, and even some professionals in the criminal justice field, throw around the terms jail and prison quite often, using them interchangeably. Jails and prisons are not the same. This paper will elucidate some of the primary differences between jails and prisons as well as drawRead MoreDo We Really Need Prisons1599 Words   |  7 PagesDO WE REALLY NEED PRISONS The simple meaning prison is a place for the confinement of persons in law detention, espicially people who are convicted of crimes according to The American Heritage of the English Language (2000). The history of prison almost as old as history itself. At first, prison were not used as a punishment but as a place where people who were sentenced to capital or corporal punishment were kept for a short period of time. But as the time passed, it turned into a legal punishmentRead MoreSupermaximum Security Prisons Essay1373 Words   |  6 Pagesoffenders with unusually dangerous histories or disruptive behavioral patterns throughout the correctional system, thus avoiding a concentration of such offenders in any one location (Hickey, 2010, p. 208). The consolidation model involves placing all highly dangerous inmates at one location and controlling them through reliance on heightened security procedures (Hickey, 2010, p. 209). Of course, each of these models has pros and cons, but it is the concept of supermax prisons that has caused debateRead MoreEssay about Street Gangs in the United States1399 Words   |  6 Pagesengaged in a pattern of gang activity.† The prison sentences in New York States for being involved in a crime while being part of a gang are much harsher than committing an offense on your own. Yet, gang members most times will freely admit their own role in the street gang, while never giving up any of his brothers or their crimes. Every arrest, every conviction, earns these young people more respect within the gang. It is absurd to think a prison system can help rehabilitate criminals who areRead MoreMental Asylums : The Benefits Of Mental Asylums1196 Words   |  5 PagesMental asylums. The first thing that usually comes to mind is dark, prison-like buildings with dangerous people locked up in rooms by themselves. Characters such as the Joker from the Batman comics come to mind, he had severe and dangerous mental problems that make him extremely dangerous to both himself and others. This mentally ill man is kept locked away, so that he cannot hurt other people, which makes sense that he is in prison. Although not every mentally ill person is as sick as the Joker, theyRead MoreDeath Penalty Argument Essay683 Words   |  3 Pagesoperates around communities of people who work together and do their part to form a functional place to live. Many people benefit fro m others throughout society without even knowing it. Society functions and benefits from people doing their part to keep our community safe and people benefit from society as well, but there is an exception. Criminals who have committed a crime that has placed them in prison for the rest of their life, without the possibility of parole, will never positively benefit societyRead MorePrison Was A Serious Punishment For Crime1598 Words   |  7 PagesPrisons were virtually non-existent before the 1700’s because prison was not considered a serious punishment for crime. Instead, the government imprisoned those who were awaiting trial where they would receive a more appropriate punishment. Many punishments at the time included branding, extreme fines, whipping, and the death penalty or capital punishment. Most offenders when caught, received their punishment in public. This was done to try and discourage criminal activity and falls under the theoryRead MoreThe Evolution Of The Cor rectional System1483 Words   |  6 Pagestheir appropriate facility. There are different kinds of facilities inmates can go to, there are Prison Camps, Federal Correctional Institutions, Unites States Penitentiary, Administrative Facilities, and Federal Correctional Complexes. The first federal facility is minimum security institutions, which are Prison Camps. Prison Camps have minimal security and usually have a higher inmate-to-staff ratio. Prison Camps have relatively low amounts of fencing around the facilities, and sometimes don’t haveRead MoreThe Cost Of Private Prisons Essay818 Words   |  4 Pagesthe fact that private prisons typically only house healthy inmates. When cost estimates are adjusted to account for this, the results are surprising: Without adjusting for the increased medical costs imposed on state-run prisons, a 2010 Corrections Department study found that daily per inmate costs were cheaper in private prisons, at $57.97 as opposed to $60.66. However, when adjusting for medical costs, the results flipped with daily per inmate costs cheaper in state-run prisons at $48.42 compared

Review on My Name Is Khan Free Essays

To write a review about a film which contains not only the magical combo of Shahrukh Khan-Kajol-Karan Johar but also something different from melodramatic love story or usual remake of hardcore commercial film is pleasurable. My Name Is Khan has a excellent point to a class of audience who likes to watch Shahrukh Khan in a different characteristic. But the film does not show the excellence enough to get a perfect worship from all audiences and critics. We will write a custom essay sample on Review on My Name Is Khan or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the movie Rizwan embarks on a touching journey and gets the true recognition of his love,love for Mandira_we reveal a simple but touchy characteristic of an ordinary man’s love,we go through an extra ordinary journey. The movie has some points for which it can be appreciated. Firstly, though such story is not brand new but it has a fresh and own style of presence. Though it can not pass through the mark, made by movie like Forrest Gump but the point is it is not bullshit in any sence. MNIK also gives you a massage and create a different and sometime authentic feelings while you are watching. Secondly,the script makes you feel for the character. It is not Shahrukh Khan,it is Rizwan Khan for whom you will think. It is not chiffon sarees or bubbly dialogue for which you will adore Kajol,it is Mandira. It is a woman who really reflect the motherly affection, a loving and caring wife. Thirdly, the tempo of the movie. It has many subplot but they are quite interesting. It’s an exceptionally relevant to a concept-the unity of nations is of paramount importance, We are all coming together to fight for a common cause – called humanity. Everyone knows that terrorism has no religion and it will never have a religion. As a film, it tries to show social responsibility and the character tries to fulfill that from their position. Though the specificity of activities is not beyond question. Fourthly, the movie can clear it’s idea. It’s not all about a disabled man’s fight against disability. It’s a disabled man’s fight against the disability that exists in the world—terrorism, hatred, fighting. My Name is Khan is also about Islam and the way the world looks at Islam but it not takes any sides. It only tries to say that there are only good people and bad people. There are no good Hindus, bad Hindus, good Christians, bad Christians. Either you are a good person or a bad person. Religion is not the criterion, humanity is. Fifthly, all the actors and actresses has done well. Specially Shahrukh-Kajal combo has got another dimension in bollywood after this movie. Kajal has done very well. Her maturity is used very consciously. We get Shahrukh in a new and pleasant avatar after Chak De! India and Swades. Zarina Wahab is very good as Rizwan’s mom. Thanks Shahrukh for making the character more closer to the audience. Yes we can say he can act. Sixthly, the director has used the complexity and complication provoked by rational and regional aspect though it is not totally agreeable in some sense. Moreover sometimes there are many reasons behind any happenings like- 9/11, which can not be described so easily. Moreover, Indian Film Indusrtry don’t have the trend to take a risk by making film relevant to such touchy issues though films like New York ,Kabul Express,Main hoon Na had made. But they were not totally focused. I am not telling that MNIK is all focused but it has got some solid point to relate with a serious issue. Use of metaphorical shot is also notable. Specially Rizwan holding poster-Repair Almost Anything headlined is a brilliant one. This stands for a meaningful thought. The narrative style of story telling and blending past time and present time is good but continuity error like showing objects which don’t match with the time showed in the movie is not expected. The narrative style may influenced by The Shawshank Redemption and Godfellas. The ending is quite good but it may be more gothic and more authentic. The journey of Khan may be showed more smartly in accordance with happenings as sometime it has feel us melodramatic. Cinematography is worthy off a hand of applause, specially using the background and wide angle shot. Editing is fine. Thanks Ravi K. Chandran (director of photography) and Deepa Bhatia (editing) Shankar-Ehsan-Loy has done a great job both in soundtrack and background score. Thanks to the lyricist(Niranjan Iyengar and Javed Akhtar) The songs such as â€Å"Noor-e-Khuda† blend western bar blues and techno sounds with Indian classical styles such as Sufi and Hindustani. The soundtrack is thus representative of the â€Å"indie fusion genre†. Unlike Karan Johar’s other films, this film has no lip-sync songs. All the songs are in background. â€Å"Tere Naina† is a good one. In short The content of My Name Is Khan is diametrically opposite to whatever Karan Johar done in the past. My Name Is Khan is â€Å"not all about terrorism, or 9/11. It’s about a relationship between two people, between an individual and the State, and between an individual and the country. In short, there the three important components: love story, Islam and a mild form of autism. You can watch it. Sometime it is impressive, dramatic, a little bit slow, inspiring, may be controversial but enjoyable too. The pick up line is – There are only two kinds of people in this world. Good people who do good deeds. And bad people who do bad. That’s the only difference in human beings. There’s no other difference. How to cite Review on My Name Is Khan, Essay examples

EHR and My Health Record

Question: Discuss about the EHR and My Health Record. Answer: Introduction In the recent years, the world has experienced the growth and penetration of the internet into several sectors of the economy. Coupled with the growth of networking and the growth of communication technology, the E-healthcare systems have become largely accepted in healthcare as essential for efficient patient care (Consumers Health Forum of Australia, 2014). The adoption of E-healthcare in Australia has helped bring down the number of medical errors, increase the quality of health care, minimize the cost of healthcare and help patients have an understanding of their healthcare needs in order to make proper health choices (Showell, 2014) History of the EHR Having seen the importance of e-health systems, it is paramount that governments take seriously the development of these systems for the advancement of healthcare (Cornwall, 2013). Australia has made numerous steps with regard to the adoption and integration of E-healthcare systems. Since the year 2000, Australia has made efforts to come up with their own E-Health Records Systems (International Organization for Standardization, 2015). In the year 2000, Australia made considerations of adopting EHR systems. The first system of this kind is called Mediconnect. This system collected and stored information regarding medicines and exchanged this information to doctors, pharmacists and even patients. The field tests for this system were done in Ballarat and Launceston. The tests provided the much-needed information regarding the implementation of EHR systems (Xu, 2013) The concepts behind this system and the lessons learned from its implementation were used in the development and implementation of HealthConnect (Tang, 2016).The HealthConnect is a country-wide network of several EHRs, which collects, stores and exchanges information regarding individuals' health. This program was developed from 2004 to 2009. HealthConnect was very useful in the laying down of health infrastructure in the country (Cornwall, 2013). Another key development in the e-health systems happened in 2010 to 2012 when the Australian Government invested several millions of dollars for the release of the Personally Controlled Electronic Health Record System (PCEHR) (Mennerat, 2014). The first version of the PCEHR was released by the Australian government on July 1st, 2012. This healthcare system has provided economic benefits to both to the government and to the private sector in addition to laying the ground for future advancement in E-healthcare systems. These E-healthcare systems are expected to reduce government expenditure on health by about $7 billion (Xu, 2013) The rationale behind the establishment of the EHR system was that many Australians make multiple hospital visits, and area tended to by different health care workers (Jha, 2013). During these visits, information was kept in files only accessed by individual physicians. This way of doing things brings about a situation where files could be inconsistent or lost and hence the information may not be available during emergency situations. EHR system corrects this problem by compiling a patient's personal data, medications given; discharge summaries, tests performed and care plans (Xu, 2013). This information is easily retrieved when needed especially during emergencies and special health conditions. The Relationship of the EHR to My Health Record The EHR system then provided a basis for My Health Record. My Health Record contains the same information that is found in the EHR. This information includes- immunizations given to patients, diagnoses made, medications and physician contact information. This system, is, however, set up in such a way that it is accessible and manageable by patients themselves. This information helps patients to monitor and manage their health in an environment where they are assured confidentiality. The information contained in My Health Record comes from patients and physicians (Jha, 2013). The EHR system and My Health Record are related in many ways. First, they both contain the same type of information. The only difference is the target audience the information is meant for. While the EHR system targets physicians, the My Health Record targets patients. Second, My Health Record was founded on the EHR system. The information and knowledge that was used to come up with My Health Record was obtained from the experience with EHR system implementation (Xu, 2013). Patients can use My Health Record to manage their health while health care workers use the EHR to manage patient's health. Both of them represent a new phase of healthcare where information is now freely available in a convenient way. Current Scheme, Use and Implementation Status of EHRs/My Health Record (Including Implementation Issues) The Australian government has taken seriously the countrywide implementation of the EHR and My Health Record. The public has also been very supportive of the system after seeing the effects of the change and are in strong support of both the EHR and My Health Record (Department of Health and Ageing, 2014). They also prefer that the government implements and manages both systems. The implementation of My Health Record has been successful over time and in 2012, the PCEHR Act was passed to support the effective operation of the system. The act covered governance of the PCEHR the registration of the public, collection and use of information and the enforcement of the system. In July 2012, My Health Record was released, individuals were free to register and give information so they can access their health information online. Currently, the government has joined efforts with ICT providers to develop the system further and to increase the level of adoption of the system. The government and the private sector have joined efforts in the implementation of both systems (Jha, 2013). EHR system has been well implemented and is used by the majority of general practitioners. There are however, challenges in the implementation of My Health Record and therefore the government is working harder to ensure a national implementation (Tang, 2016). According to research, the EHR system has been largely adopted by general practitioners with about 90 percent of them using this system (Department of Health and Ageing, 2014). This picture is also seen in New Zealand, U.K and the Netherlands. The adoption of this system in hospitals is however, poor at about ten percent (Xu, 2013). My Health Record has been adopted and continues to be adopted by many people but there is still much to be taken into consideration to ensure the full implementation of the system. Implementing the two systems met several challenges. During the time of implementation of both systems, the both sides of government supported the implementation of the EHR but the opposition was against the implementation of My Health Record (Tang, 2016). It delayed the establishment of My Health Record. Its implementation was however, done by the current government and has therefore picked up. The uncertainty about the state of the economy also affected the implementation of the two systems. The economic benefits of the systems are not felt until about ten years are after implementation. Therefore, it was easy to slow down implementation because of the unforeseen economic benefits (Benatallah Paik, 2013). The government was the main player in the implementation of both programs. The implementation also included the private sector. However, the government is the sole source of funding. Implementation is faced with challenges in that there is widespread uncertainty regarding the use of E-healthcare systems. Some physicians view patient information as private and competitive and are not impressed by the idea of providing this information for access by other physicians. The attitude from physicians slowed down the implementation of the EHR (Library Association of Australia Australian Society of Archivists, 2014). Privacy interest are one of the reasons the implementation if the two systems, especially that of My Health Record. Many patients and professionals were not comfortable with the idea of having such confidential information in such an easily accessible space. All the information of the two systems is stored in a central database which if breached, could impact the wellbeing of millions of people. This issue of privacy is of greater concern when it comes to My Health Record (Rodrigues, 2013). Many Australians are not sure how their highly confidential information will be used and whether the information is safe from breaching. A research showed that more than 80 percent of Australians do not trust the security and privacy of My Health Record (Williams Samarth, 2013). Even after the assurance that only patients themselves have access to the information, the individuals are not convinced that the information will still be safe after they choose to withdraw from the system (Gardner Barraclough, 2013). Future Plans to Expand the Implementation of EHRs/My Health Record. For implementation to be successful, the government should continue to fund the implementation of the systems (Cornwall, 2013). As opposed to the system whereby individual will have to pay for use of the systems, government funding will ensure a more widespread implementation of the systems. Second, the practice of patience is of help in the implementation of the two systems. My Health Record, like I stated above starts to pay off after ten years. The government has chosen to continue with its investment despite the lack of immediate economic returns (Rogers Reardon, 2014). For proper implementation, there are plans to make possible the access to and management of health information through mobile devices. It is of help especially in the rural parts of the country who do not have readily available internet connection. Given that many people have access to smart phones with the internet; the availability of the option of use of mobile phones will help with the proper implementations of the EHR and My Health Record. It applies especially to My Health Record (Gunter, 2015). Another plan to help with successful implementation is the use of a patient-centered approach to implementation (Iacovino, 2016). Patients play a central role in the reason for development of these systems and without patients agreeing to use My Health Record then the system's implementation will fail. One way of achieving that trust is training patients to understand the logic behind the use of these systems and the benefits that are to be found in My Health Record (Church, 2014). For the EHR system, consulting with physician and listening to their concerns will aid in its implementation. There is also a plan to gain more confidence from patients and healthcare workers. It is to be done through the assurance of privacy. In order achieve this, the government is working with Private IT industry to develop systems that are hard to breach and those that patients can trust the safety of their confidential information (Barraclough Gardner, 2014). Conclusion As we have seen above, the country has welcomed the idea of E-healthcare as a way of making healthcare more efficient. The government has and is still in support of these systems given their contribution to reduced healthcare expenditure in the long run. The two systems have been implemented but still have a long way to go to ensure full implementation. There is promise in the future of these systems given the plans that are underway to ensure successful implementation (Brown, 2013). References Brown, D. (2013). Lewis's Medical Surgical Nursing: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems. London: Elsevier Health Sciences APAC. Showell C.M. (2014). Citizens, patients and policy: a challenge. Health , 29-43. Consumers Health Forum of Australia, (2013). e-Health and Electronic Health Records: Current Consumer Research. Online available at https://www.chf.org.au/pdfs/rep/rep-691-eHealthresearchfeb11. Cornwall, A. (2013). Electronic health records: an international perspective. Health issues, 73 , 19-23. Department of Health and Ageing. (2014). Health Readness Survey Report. Online https://www.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/Content/CA2578620005D57ACA2579090014230A/$ File/Allied%20Health%20ehealth%20readiness%20survey %20report.pdf. Gunter, T. D. (2015). The emergence of national electronic health record architectures in the United States and Australia: models, costs, and questions. Journal of medical Internet research, 7(1), , p.e3. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). (2015). Health informatics - Electronic health record - Definition, scope, and context. Online available at https://www.openehr.org/downloads/standards/iso/isotc215 wg3_N202_ISO-TR_20514_Final_%5B2005-01- 31%5D.pdf . Church, D. S. (2014). Citizen participation in health decisionmaking:past experience and future prospects,. Journal of health policy , 12-32. Jha, A. D. (2013). The use of health information technology in seven nations. International journal of medical informatics, 77(12). . International journal of medical informatics, 77(12), , pp.848-854. Tang, P. A. (2016). Personal health records: definitions, benefits, and strategies for overcoming barriers to adoption. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 13(2), , 121-126. Xu, J. G. (2013). Implementation of e-health record systems in Australia. . The International Technology Management Review, 3(2), , 92-104. Rogers, R., Reardon, J. (2014). Recommendations for international action: Barriers to a global information society for health ; report from the project G8-Enable. Amsterdam [u.a.: IOS Press [u.a.. Williams, T., Samarth, A. (2013). Electronic health records for dummies. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley Pub. Barrowclough, S., Gardner, H. (2014). Analyzing health policy: A problem-oriented approach. Sydney: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. Iacovino, L. (2016). Recordkeeping, ethics and law: Regulatory models, participant relationships and responsibilities in the online world. Dordrecht: Springer. Gardner, H., Barraclough, S. (2013). Health policy in Australia. South Melbourne, Vic: Oxford University Press. Mennerat, F. (2014).Electronic health records and communication for better health care: proceedings of EuroRec '01. Amsterdam [u.a.: IOS Press. Library Association of Australia., Australian Society of Archivists. (2014). Archives and manuscripts: The journal of the Archives Section, the Library Association of Australia. Canberra?: Library Association of Australia, Archives Section. Rodrigues, J. (2013). Health information systems: Concepts, methodologies, tools and applications. Hershey PA: Medical Information Science Reference. Benatallah, B., Paik, H.-Y. (2013). Business process management workshops: BPM 2013 international workshops, BPI, BPD, CBP, ProHealth, RefMod, semantics4ws, Brisbane, Australia, September 24, 2013 : revised selected papers. Berlin: Springer.

Rupert Brooke Essays - In Flanders Fields, , Term Papers

Rupert Brooke Rupert Brooke was one of the early poets in the war. He felt privileged like many to fight for their country. He died of illness in 1915 before having seen any action. He wrote in a romantic style of optimists towards war. He is remembered as a "war poet" who inspired patriotism in the early months of the Great War. He was good at poetry but had not seen the fear of the war. He would have been shocked to see what became of the war. His view towards war would have changed if he had. The Soldier If I should die, think only this of me: That there's some corner of a foreign field That is forever England. There shall be In that rich earth a richer dust concealed; A dust whom England bore, shaped, made aware, Gave, once, her flowers to love, her ways to roam, A body of England's breathing English air, Washed by the rivers, blest by the suns of home. And think, this heart, all evil shed away, A pulse in the eternal mind, no less Gives somewhere back the thoughts by England given; He sights and sounds; dreams happy as her day; And laughter learnt of friends: and gentleness, In hearts at peace, under an English heaven. He was proud that he was part of history of helping England, the country that had given him life and joy. He hadn't and was never going to see the dreadfulness of the war. Mc Crae wrote about Flanders Fields in 1915. It is the most famous poem. Mc Crae didn't see the worst of the war. In one year 60 000 English men were going to die in one day. This was written after the first major battle in Belgium. His poems show a change of attitude, unlike the Soldier Flanders Fields talks about guns. It uses poignant irony (emotional power) to explain how he is feeling. It is a bittersweet poem. It does not contempate death in a future sense like The Soldier but talks about the past. It is sad but still jingoistic Through the sense of tragedy there is something brighter. The value is that war is tragic, but not pointless like Owen points out. It is only pointless if we do not carry out what the soldiers began. . There is a value, that death is tragic. He justifies the wretched sacrifice by explaining that is it is necessary to carry on and win the war, or the sacrifice will be in vain. The symbols he uses are poppies and crosses, which are still seen today in Flanders Fields. At the time when he was writing this poem, the fields were not so beautiful. The once flat terrain had become the land of shells and bodies. Torrential rains turned Flanders into a swamp. This became a death whole for tried soldiers. Hundreds of men drowned in mud blood and slime. (Shermer.D (1973) p 190) In Flanders Fields In Flanders Fields the poppies blow Between the crosses, row on row That mark out place: in the sky The larks, still bravely singing, fly Scares heard amid the guns below. We are the dead. Short days ago We lived, felt dawn, saw sunsets glow, Loved and were loved, and now we lie In Flanders Fields. Take up our quarrels with the foe: To you from failing hands we throw The torch; be yours to hold it high. If ye break faith with us who die We shall not sleep, though poppies grow In Flanders Fields. It reminds us that the soldiers had feelings. It is ambiguous and patriotic. He is talking to the next soldiers that will take his place and fight for his country. His images have become part of the collective memory of war. Each image accurately triggers off its expected emotional response. The red flowers, of traditional pastoral elegy and the crosses, which suggest the idea of Calvary and sacrifice. The skies from the trenches- the birds sing, in the midst of the horror and terrors, of man's greatest folly. "The conception of soldiers as lovers; and the antithesis drawn between beds and graves. The poem sails across the imagination laden with literary associations ransacked from the riches of the past." It is tragic but not pointless like Owen, he justifies the sacrifice. (Fussell.P (1997) p1) Mc Crae is talking to people on a personal level. They are beginning to ask questions about perusing the morals of war. He is saying that we

Gloria Steinem - Feminist and Editor

Gloria Steinem - Feminist and Editor Born: March 25, 1934Occupation: Writer, feminist organizer, journalist, editor, lecturerKnown For: Founder of Ms. Magazine; bestselling author; spokesperson on women’s issues and feminist activism Gloria Steinem Biography Gloria Steinem was one of the most prominent activists of second-wave feminism. For several decades she has continued to write and speak about societal roles, politics, and issues affecting women. Background Steinem was born in 1934 in Toledo, Ohio. Her father’s work as an antique dealer took the family on many trips around the United States in a trailer. Her mother worked as a journalist and teacher before suffering from severe depression that led to a nervous breakdown. Steinem’s parents divorced during her childhood and she spent years struggling financially and caring for her mother. She moved to Washington D.C. to live with her older sister for her senior year of high school.    Gloria Steinem attended Smith College, studying government and political affairs. She then studied in India on a post-graduate fellowship. This experience broadened her horizons and helped to educate her about the suffering in the world and the high standard of living in the United States.Journalism and Activism Gloria Steinem began her journalism career in New York. At first she did not cover challenging stories as a â€Å"girl reporter† among mostly men. However, an early investigative reporting piece became one of her most famous when she went to work in a Playboy club for an expose. She wrote about the hard work, harsh conditions and unfair wages and treatment endured by women in those jobs. She found nothing glamorous about the Playboy Bunny life and said that all women were â€Å"bunnies† because they were placed in roles based on their sex in order to serve men. Her reflective essay â€Å"I Was a Playboy Bunny† appears in her book Outrageous Acts and Everyday Rebellions. Gloria Steinem was an early contributing editor and political columnist for New York Magazine in the late 1960s. In 1972, she launched Ms. Its initial publication of 300,000 copies sold out rapidly nationwide. The magazine became the landmark publication of the feminist movement. Unlike other women’s magazines of the time, Ms. covered topics such as gender bias in language, sexual harassment, feminist protest of pornography, and political candidates’ stances on women’s issues. Ms. has been published by the Feminist Majority foundation since 2001, and Steinem now serves as a consulting editor.Political Issues Along with activists such as Bella Abzug and Betty Friedan, Gloria Steinem founded the National Women’s Political Caucus in 1971. The NWPC is a multi-partisan organization dedicated to increasing the participation of women in politics and getting women elected. It supports women candidates with fundraising, training, education, and other grassroots activism. In Steinem’s famous â€Å"Address to the Women of America† at an early NWPC meeting, she spoke of feminism as a â€Å"revolution† that meant working toward a society in which people are not categorized by race and sex. She has often spoken about feminism as â€Å"humanism.† In addition to examining race and sex inequality, Steinem has long been committed to the Equal Rights Amendment, abortion rights, equal pay for women, and an end to domestic violence. She has advocated on behalf of children who were abused in day care centers and spoken out against the 1991 Gulf War and the Iraq war launched in 2003. Gloria Steinem has been active in political campaigns since that of Adlai Stevenson in 1952. In 2004, she joined thousands of other canvassers on bus trips to swing states such as Pennsylvania and her native Ohio. In 2008, she expressed her concern in a New York Times Op-Ed piece that Barack Obama’s race was seen to be a unifying factor while Hillary Clinton’s gender was seen as a divisive factor. Gloria Steinem co-founded the Women’s Action Alliance, the Coalition of Labor Union Women, and Choice USA, among other organizations. Recent Life and Work At the age of 66, Gloria Steinem married David Bale (father of actor Christian Bale). They lived together in both Los Angeles and New York until he passed away of brain lymphoma in December 2003. Some voices in the media commented on the longtime feminist’s marriage with disparaging remarks about whether in her 60s she had decided she needed a man after all. With her characteristic good humor, Steinem deflected the remarks and said she had always hoped women would choose to marry if and when it was the right choice for them. She also expressed surprise that people did not see how much marriage had changed since the 1960s in terms of rights allowed to women. Gloria Steinem is on the Board of Directors of the Women’s Media Center, and she is a frequent lecturer and spokeswoman on a variety of issues. Her bestselling books include Revolution from Within: A Book of Self-Esteem, Moving Beyond Words, and Marilyn: Norma Jean. In 2006, she published Doing Sixty and Seventy, which examines age stereotypes and the liberation of older women.

The Sensual Culture Reader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Sensual Culture Reader - Essay Example The rise of consumer capitalism initiated several great changes within Western societies. One such transformation was the shifted emphasis from production to distribution, as the distributor got a higher role than the manufacturer and the consumer, because the growing production requires adequate sales. Therefore, it has become necessary to spur consumption by products replacement, when the notion of obsolescence artificially shortens economic cycles in different markets. As a side effect, to the material concerns of people a new factor of mass concern had been added - the visual confirmation of the social status. Another development was the subordination of visual art to the capitalistic institutions. In part, this has been done through sacralization of the art and isolation it in museums, where works of art serve as modern icons, but lose their intersensoriality, which is an active connection between senses needed for the wholeness of experience (Howes 2005, pp.318-334). Such trend s influenced our senses as a cultural frame of our perception because we almost never perceive the world immediately but rather sense it stereotypically.

Cicadas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cicadas - Essay Example The female lay 4-5 mm long egg on the ventral thorax. Their life cycle takes 17 years in northern species and 13 years in southern species; the two types overlap in parts of the United States. In about six weeks the wingless, scaly larvae, or nymphs, burrow into the ground, where they remain for 13 or 17 years, feeding on juices, the xylem sap, sucked from roots of the flora present in that area encompassing grasses, forbs or trees. The nymphal development takes numerous years. The nymphs molt periodically as they grow; finally the full-grown nymphs emerge, climb a short distance reaches the tree trunks, herb stem and fences, anchors itself with the help of its tarsal claws to protect itself and molts or shed their last larval skin. The winged adults generally emerge together in large numbers, live for about one week. Its nymphal shell remains as proof indicating the transition in the life cycle of the cicadas. This is also a transition from its restricted life to free life where it has freedom to fly. Cicadas are known as strong fliers with a high visual alertness. Adults feed on xylem sap and have a life span of a few weeks. Different broods mature at regular intervals, so that at least one colony is conspicuous in some part of the United States each year, and even in a given locality a brood may appear every few years. Other North American cic

Strategy for Expansion in Mexico Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategy for Expansion in Mexico - Essay Example It is evident from the study that in the analysis of the macro environment of Mexico, various factors which have been considered are the political, economic, social, and technological conditions present in the country. The overall analysis of the factors has been carried out to understand the feasibility of the expansion of the University in a different country and to critically analyze the favorable factors and the associated difficulties with the expansion plan. Mexico has a federal republic government, and the first republic was established in the year 1824. The overall administration of the country is divided under various subdivisions consisting of 31 states and a federal district. The prominent political parties in action are the Institutional Revolutionary party and the National action Party. Other than these two parties there are various small parties which operate in the country. The judiciary of the country is also divided into federal and the state court systems. Various e ducational reforms have also occurred in the country and the most significant of them is the educational reform in the state of Aguascalientes. The new system of education was introduced in the year 1920. Under the new system, the public education system in the country involved a massive change. More decentralization of education system was effected in the state. The role and the supervision of the school inspectors also involved a radical change. The number of days of the classes in the school was increased considerably and the government made an effort to improve the educational system in the country. The educational reform brought by the political party introduced English language and computers in the schools of Mexico for the very first time. The government of the country was determined to increase the quality of education in the country and this appeared to be a significant step. In order to raise the level of education, special training of the teachers was also conducted. Such reforms had a dramatic improvement in the education sector of the country as the number of school completion reflected an increase in rate (Cordoba, n. d) Economic factors: The economy of the country has been affected in the period of recession, however in the recent years; the country has experienced impressive growth in its economy. The low cost of labor in Mexico has been significant enough to gain such profit in the country. The countries link up with the NAFTA agreement has been also crucial in its economic success. Based on the overall economy of the country, Mexico has been positioned as a country with middle level of income. The average growth of the country also has satisfactory figures. The quick rate of recovery of the United States also helped the country to revive the economic condition after the recession period was over. In matters of trade, the United States has been the country in which Mexico exports and imports the maximum and the dependence over the US trade is quite notable. Mexico has a free market economy with the domination of various private sectors in the market (Klepak, 2008). However the income distribution in the country is largely unequal. The service sector and the industrial sectors of the country are the

Child Independence And Thinking Skills

Child Independence And Thinking Skills Critical independent thinking skills are very important for your children. These important skills can enhance self-esteem and promote an ability to meet any challenging situation with ease and optimism. However, as parents we can hinder our childrens ability to develop independence thinking skills by helping or doing more than they actually need. Sometimes, we may even never realize that we are actually doing all the work for them. In life, parents just love their children and they want to take care of their children in every possible way. However, parents may also forget that going all the way to help their children may actually hinder their childrens ability to develop independence thinking skills. One of the primary goals of parents is to help children develop the intense desire and ability to think on their own without others help. Independent thinking is the desire or wish of a person to convince him or her that the information and detail being presented is true, worthy or reasonable. Why attitude of independence is important for your children? A child who develops independence skills will always feel more confident about themselves and their ability to solve intricate life problems especially when you are not there. You children will feel on top of the world when they work on their own and without your help. They will also show a heightened enthusiasm to work more to achieve minor goals and objectives. Just think how your children will be excited when they learn to wear their socks or zip up the jacket for the first time without any help from you! Just by doing these simple things, they feel so proud of their ability to do things on their own. Developing independence skills will provide a number of benefits to your children such as: A steep rise in confidence level and self-esteem An ability to solve problems those occur in daily life Developing compassion and love for others An ability to help others when they are in problems Better self-image and enthusiasm When children feel that they can do things on their own, they will also naturally want to learn and master new skills or solve intricate problems. For example, a child who has repeatedly worked on buttoning her blouse and who finally does it without her parents help will naturally demand to try wear that blouse all by herself without help from anyone. Alternatively, a boy who has repeatedly tried to tie his shoelace and who finally does it without his parents help will start trying to slip the shoes himself. You feel normally excited and thrilled, if your children are learning all things with their own initiative. This is what most parents expect from their children too. Obviously, parents also want their children learn new things, skills and abilities on their way to adulthood. However, these events may happen only when parents provide their children an opportunity to try to do things on their own. In nutshell, you may need to encourage independence in your children by watching patiently when your small children try to button their shirts on their own even if they take many minutes. If you lose your patience at this critical juncture, you will probably hindering or preventing your children from learning important independence skills. If you observe that your children are failing in their act of learning new skills, you may need to encourage them to try again instead of helping your children with your own efforts. Independence skills are practical life skills. These skills can easily assist your children develop confidence, feel less scared or nervous and eventually face any situations that are likely to be encountered at school and public places. Regardless of what children, may demand or they feel need, parents may need to try to train them in acquiring critical independence skills and responsibilities. Mind you, it is a lifelong commitment that might be difficult to achieve and satisfy. Not all children may succeed in learning these skills. There could be many reasons for this perceived failure. Development milestones are not the same among all children. Some of them may show keenness to learn independence thinking skills while others may take some more time to learn them. Whatever the case, parents will need to give enough opportunities for their children to learn these skills at an early age. Cleaning up rooms, tables, helping parents finish house chore and getting ready for the school are some of the most important skills that your children can learn. Today, families around the world are busier than ever. Parents also feel bad about not giving enough time for their children. When parents use the available time by working with their children, they can easily teach very important lessons about independence and responsibility. Teaching Your Children Independence Skills How Parents can be Proactive in Training their children Tying shoelaces, buttoning the shirt, cleaning the study table, doing laundry and doing homework on own without parents help these are some of the most common yet important responsibilities for a child. These simple activities may look and feel very simple to many of us. However, they can pose a big challenge for most of the children who are under the age of 10 years. To an adult, these simple jobs may look monotonous and regular. However, these perceived simple tasks may look humungous to most children. There are many skills and techniques that your children mist learn and master before they leave home for their higher studies. Acquiring independence thinking skills at an early age will help your children build confidence and self-esteem. Young children and toddlers often like to do very meaningful and understandable adult-type tasks. Many times, they are too enthusiastic about doing things on their own. What they lack are the techniques or methods to perform these tasks. To help your children succeed in learning independence skills, you may need to set up a congenial physical environment to assist them become more independent. To set up an atmosphere for doing work on own, you may wish to provide: Easy climb and sit chairs; your children should be able to get in and out of the chair independently, Easily climbable stools near sinks and wash places so that children can easily wash their hands before and after eating, An easily reachable waste tub where children can deposit refuse and wastage after snack and dinner time, Cleaning towels and sponges that can help children clean up What you can do to help your children become independent: Providing ample opportunities: Provide plenty of opportunities for your children to learn independent thinking skills. Your children should understand that learning independence skills will help them become efficient and enabled in their classroom and out of it. As a parent, you may wish to cajole your children to do work on their own and without your help. When your children understand that doing small tasks with their own initiatives is good for them, they will try to work on small tasks that are simple and straightforward. Encourage independence: As far as possible, give limited choices for your children. When your children have limited choices in front of them, they will try to achieve excellence in the tasks they want to perform. Ensure that you respect your childrens preferences. Example: Let us say that you are giving drinking chocolate to your children. You may now give just two options for them. Ask this simple question Do you need that orange cup or the blue cup? Alternatively, your children want to dress up for their piano class. You may ask your children this simple question The red dress is that side drawer and the grey one is in the cupboard. Pick the one that you like. Here, your children will try to assess the merit of your question and decide on their answers after thinking over it for some time. Show flexibility towards your children: Becoming independent takes lot of time. Respect your childs natural limitations. Never ever, pressurize your children beyond certain limits. Make sure that you integrate the training within the ambit of your work. Use the available opportunities to teach your children independence thinking skills. Involve your children in making plans: You can ask your children to suggest you ideas to help make the learning program a success. Children can give wonderful ideas. Use their abilities to help them succeed in learning independence thinking skills. Explain what independence is: You may wish to explain the benefits and advantages of mastering independence thinking skills. Tell them how learning such skills will help in classroom and in other places. Let children try to do work on own: Some children will try to do small tasks on own. For example, children love to button their shirts or tie shoelaces. Most children fail in their first few attempts because it is natural; children may not develop the necessary muscle-eye-bone coordination when they are young. Let them try to do their tasks. If they fail, you can help them but with solutions to the problems. Tell them how they can button up their shirts and demonstrate the act by standing in front of them. Be affirmative and reinforce positive assertions: Always, reinforce positive reinforcement and avoid negative ones. Be positive with your children and help your children become positive as well. If they do any task with success, compliment them with your heart. There are a number of independent thinking skills that your children must learn and master to become successful in life. Here are some of them: Note: The most important skill that your children must learn is to realize that mastering independent thinking skills will help them achieve critical goals. 1. Encourage your children to ask questions and find answers with their own efforts 2. Make sure that the questions should always have a why and what happens if component attached to them. 3. Your children should find their own solutions or answers to their problems. Buttoning a shirt is one classic example. Most children often fail in their first attempt. However, they will master the task with continuous repetitions. 2. Teach your children experimentation. Your children should be able to experiment on simple challenges and tasks till they find a valid solution. Please remember that learning independent thinking skills relates very closely with performing most common daily tasks. Children who develop critical independent thinking skills can be very successful in their life.

Impact of Pregnancy Cortisol Levels on High and Low Working Memory Capa

PROJECT DESCRIPTION Impact of Pregnancy Cortisol Levels on High and Low Working Memory Capacity The terms â€Å"baby brain† and â€Å"maternal amnesia† are informally used to describe the perceived memory loss and inattentiveness many women report suffering during pregnancy (Cuttler, Graf, Pawluski & Galea, 2010). Previous studies have suggested that this perceived memory loss may be associated with temporary exhaustion of working memory capacity (WMC) (Casey, 2000). In 1971, Marian Diamond and collegues did extensive research on pregnant and non-pregnant rats and demonstrated for the first time that pregnancy reshapes the brain (Diamond, Johnson & Ingham, 1971). Their findings suggest that pregnancy in rats increases dendritic spine density in areas of the brain that regulate learning and memory as well as areas involved in control of fear and anxiety. During stressful situations, adrenergic activation prompts secretion of epinephrine by the sympathetic nervous system (Elzinga & Roelofs, 2005). The hormone cortisol is made by the adrenal glands and is also essential in response to stressful situations. When adrenergic activity and cortisol levels are concordantly increased, working memory impairments proceed. Throughout the third trimester of pregnancy, cortisol reaches levels consistent with those seen in Cushing’s syndrome (Glynn, 2010). Cushing’s syndrome is defined by excess cortisol levels dispersed by the adrenal glands as a result of a tumor or medication (Margulies, Voto, Fescina, Lastra, Lapidus & Schwarez 1987). Individuals suffering from Cushing’s syndrome experience a wide range of symptoms, one of which is a decrease in working memory. Working memory (WM) is a theoretical structure referring to an ind... ...10). Literature associating endocrine exposures during gestation and changes in memory function, support that women with lower levels of cortisol display poorer verbal recall memory performance (Glynn, 2010). However, performance on working memory tasks did not differ between pregnant and non-pregnant participants. The contradictory evidence pertaining to the impact of cortisol on memory suggests that further study is needed to understand its effects. Working Memory Attentional Control Measures of performance on tests of WM suggest that WMC increases continually between early childhood and adolescence (West, 1996). Empirical studies have also supported that WM is among one of the cognitive functions most sensitive to decline in old age. West (1996) theorized that the declines in WM as we age is due largely to the deterioration of the pre-frontal cortex. Impact of Pregnancy Cortisol Levels on High and Low Working Memory Capa PROJECT DESCRIPTION Impact of Pregnancy Cortisol Levels on High and Low Working Memory Capacity The terms â€Å"baby brain† and â€Å"maternal amnesia† are informally used to describe the perceived memory loss and inattentiveness many women report suffering during pregnancy (Cuttler, Graf, Pawluski & Galea, 2010). Previous studies have suggested that this perceived memory loss may be associated with temporary exhaustion of working memory capacity (WMC) (Casey, 2000). In 1971, Marian Diamond and collegues did extensive research on pregnant and non-pregnant rats and demonstrated for the first time that pregnancy reshapes the brain (Diamond, Johnson & Ingham, 1971). Their findings suggest that pregnancy in rats increases dendritic spine density in areas of the brain that regulate learning and memory as well as areas involved in control of fear and anxiety. During stressful situations, adrenergic activation prompts secretion of epinephrine by the sympathetic nervous system (Elzinga & Roelofs, 2005). The hormone cortisol is made by the adrenal glands and is also essential in response to stressful situations. When adrenergic activity and cortisol levels are concordantly increased, working memory impairments proceed. Throughout the third trimester of pregnancy, cortisol reaches levels consistent with those seen in Cushing’s syndrome (Glynn, 2010). Cushing’s syndrome is defined by excess cortisol levels dispersed by the adrenal glands as a result of a tumor or medication (Margulies, Voto, Fescina, Lastra, Lapidus & Schwarez 1987). Individuals suffering from Cushing’s syndrome experience a wide range of symptoms, one of which is a decrease in working memory. Working memory (WM) is a theoretical structure referring to an ind... ...10). Literature associating endocrine exposures during gestation and changes in memory function, support that women with lower levels of cortisol display poorer verbal recall memory performance (Glynn, 2010). However, performance on working memory tasks did not differ between pregnant and non-pregnant participants. The contradictory evidence pertaining to the impact of cortisol on memory suggests that further study is needed to understand its effects. Working Memory Attentional Control Measures of performance on tests of WM suggest that WMC increases continually between early childhood and adolescence (West, 1996). Empirical studies have also supported that WM is among one of the cognitive functions most sensitive to decline in old age. West (1996) theorized that the declines in WM as we age is due largely to the deterioration of the pre-frontal cortex.